॥ Verse 12.1 (Arjuna's Question) ॥
अर्जुन उवाच।
एवं सततयुक्ता ये भक्तास्त्वां पर्युपासते।
ये चाप्यक्षरमव्यक्तं तेषां के योगवित्तमाः।।
arjuna uvāca |
evaṃ satatayuktā ye bhaktāstvāṃ paryupāsate |
ye cāpyakṣaramavyaktaṃ teṣāṃ ke yogavittamāḥ || 12.1 ||
Arjuna said: Those devotees who are constantly well-integrated (Satata-yuktāḥ) and worship You with form (Paryupāsate),
and those who worship the imperishable (Akṣaram), unmanifest (Avyaktam)—
of these two, who are considered the best knowers of Yoga (Yogavittamāḥ)?
॥ Verse 12.2 (Krishna's Answer) ॥
श्रीभगवानुवाच।
मय्यावेश्य मनो ये मां नित्ययुक्ता उपासते।
श्रद्धया परयोपेतास्ते मे युक्ततमा मताः।।
śrī-bhagavānuvāca |
mayyāveśya mano ye māṃ nityayuktā upāsate |
śraddhayā parayopetāste me yuktatamā matāḥ || 12.2 ||
The Supreme Lord said: Those who fix their mind on Me (Mayy āveśya mano), and worship Me,
ever integrated (Nitya-yuktā) and endowed with supreme faith (Śraddhayā parayopetā),
they are considered by Me to be the most perfectly integrated (Yuktatamāḥ).
॥ Verses 12.3 - 12.4 (Worship of the Unmanifest) ॥
ये त्वक्षरमनिर्देश्यमव्यक्तं पर्युपासते।
सर्वत्रगमचिन्त्यं च कूटस्थमचलं ध्रुवम्।। (12.3)
सन्नियम्येन्द्रियग्रामं सर्वत्र समबुद्धयः।
ते प्राप्नुवन्ति मामेव सर्वभूतहिते रताः।। (12.4)
ye tvakṣaramanirdeśyamavyaktaṃ paryupāsate |
sarvatragamacintyaṃ ca kūṭasthamacalaṃ dhruvam || 12.3 ||
sanniyamyendriyagrāmaṃ sarvatra samabuddhayaḥ |
te prāpnuvanti māmeva sarvabhūtahite ratāḥ || 12.4 ||
But those who worship the imperishable (Akṣaram), the indefinable (Anirdeśyam), the unmanifest (Avyaktam), (12.3)
the omnipresent (Sarvatra-gam), the unthinkable (Acintyaṁ), the unwavering (Kūṭa-sthaṁ), the immovable (Acalam), the eternal (Dhruvam); (12.3)
restraining all the senses (Sanniyamya Indriya-grāmaṁ), being equally balanced everywhere (Sarvatra sama-buddhayaḥ),
and devoted to the welfare of all beings (Sarva-bhūta-hite ratāḥ)—they also attain Me alone. (12.4)
॥ Verse 12.5 (Difficulty of the Unmanifest Path) ॥
क्लेशोऽधिकतरस्तेषामव्यक्तासक्तचेतसाम्।
अव्यक्ता हि गतिर्दुःखं देहवद्भिरवाप्यते।।
kleśo’dhikatarasteṣāmavyaktāsaktacetasām |
avyaktā hi gatirduḥkhaṃ dehavadbhiravāpyate || 12.5 ||
Greater is the difficulty (Kleśo Adhikataraḥ) for those whose minds are attached to the Unmanifest (Avyaktāsakta-cetasām).
The path to the Unmanifest is achieved with difficulty by embodied beings (Deha-vadbhir avāpyate).
॥ Verses 12.6 - 12.7 (Superiority of Bhakti) ॥
ये तु सर्वाणि कर्माणि मयि संन्यस्य मत्पराः।
अनन्येनैव योगेन मां ध्यायन्त उपासते।। (12.6)
तेषामहं समुद्धर्ता मृत्युसंसारसागरात्।
भवामि न चिरात् पार्थ मय्यावेशितचेतसाम्।। (12.7)
ye tu sarvāṇi karmāṇi mayi sannyasya matparāḥ |
ananyenaiva yogena māṃ dhyāyanta upāsate || 12.6 ||
teṣāmahaṃ samuddhartā mṛtyusaṃsārasāgarāt |
bhavāmi nacirātpārtha mayyāveśitacetasām || 12.7 ||
But those who dedicate all actions to Me (Mayi Saṁnyasya), regarding Me as the Supreme Goal (Mat-parāḥ), (12.6)
worshipping Me, and meditating on Me with unswerving Yoga (Ananyenaiva Yogena), (12.6)
for them, whose minds are fixed on Me (Mayy āveśita-cetasām),
I quickly become the deliverer from the ocean of mortal existence (Mṛtyu-saṁsāra-sāgarāt), O Pārtha. (12.7)
॥ Verse 12.8 (The Highest Practice) ॥
मय्येव मन आधत्स्व मयि बुद्धिं निवेशय।
निवसिष्यसि मय्येव अत ऊर्ध्वं न संशयः।।
mayyeva mana ādhatsva mayi buddhiṃ niveśaya |
nivasiṣyasi mayyeva ata ūrdhvaṃ na saṃśayaḥ || 12.8 ||
Fix your mind (Mana Ādhatsva) on Me alone; place your intellect (Buddhiṁ Niveśaya) in Me.
Thereafter, you shall dwell in Me alone; there is no doubt about this.
॥ Verse 12.9 (The Practice of Abhyāsa Yoga) ॥
अथ चित्तं समाधातुं न शक्नोषि मयि स्थिरम्।
अभ्यासयोगेन ततो मामिच्छातुं धनञ्जय।।
atha cittaṃ samādhātuṃ na śaknoṣi mayi sthiram |
abhyāsayogena tato māmicchāptuṃ dhanañjaya || 12.9 ||
If, however, you are unable to fix your mind steadily on Me,
then seek to attain Me, O Dhanañjaya, by the Yoga of repeated practice (Abhyāsa Yogena).
॥ Verse 12.10 (The Practice of Karma Yoga) ॥
अभ्यासेऽप्यसमर्थोऽसि मत्कर्मपरमो भव।
मदर्थमपि कर्माणि कुर्वन् सिद्धिमवाप्स्यसि।।
abhyāse’pyasamartho’si matkarmaparamo bhava |
madarthamapi karmāṇi kurvansiddhimavāpsyasi || 12.10 ||
If you are also unable to perform repeated practice, then be intent on doing actions for Me (Mat-karma-paramo bhava).
By performing actions for My sake (Mad-artham api Karmāṇi), you will attain perfection (Siddhim avāpsyasi).
॥ Verse 12.11 (The Practice of Tyāga) ॥
अथैतदप्यशक्तोऽसि कर्तुं मद्योगमाश्रितः।
सर्वकर्मफलत्यागं ततः कुरु यतात्मवान्।।
athaitadapyaśakto’si kartuṃ madyogamaśritaḥ |
sarvakarmaphalatyāgaṃ tataḥ kuru yatātmavān || 12.11 ||
If you are unable even to do this, then, taking refuge in My Yoga (Mat-yogam Āśritaḥ),
renounce the fruit of all actions (Sarva-karma-phala-tyāgaṁ), being self-controlled.
॥ Verse 12.12 (Hierarchy of Practice) ॥
श्रेयो हि ज्ञानमभ्यासाज् ज्ञानाद् ध्यानं विशिष्यते।
ध्यानात् कर्मफलत्यागस् त्यागाच्छान्तिरनन्तरम्।।
śreyo hi jñānamabhyāsājjñānāddhyānaṃ viśiṣyate |
dhyānātkarmaphalatyāgastyāgācchāntiranantaram || 12.12 ||
Knowledge (Jñānam) is indeed better than mechanical practice (Abhyāsāt);
Meditation (Dhyānaṁ) is superior to knowledge;
Renunciation of the fruit of action (Karma-phala-tyāgaḥ) is superior to meditation;
From renunciation, peace (Śāntiḥ) immediately follows.
॥ Verses 12.13 - 12.14 (Attributes of the Dear Devotee) ॥
अद्वेष्टा सर्वभूतानां मैत्रः करुण एव च।
निर्ममो निरहङ्कारः समदुःखसुखः क्षमी।। (12.13)
सन्तुष्टः सततं योगी यतात्मा दृढनिश्चयः।
मय्यर्पितमनोबुद्धिर्यो मद्भक्तः स मे प्रियः।। (12.14)
adveṣṭā sarvabhūtānāṃ maitraḥ karuṇa eva ca |
nirmamo nirahaṅkāraḥ samaduḥkhasukhaḥ kṣamī || 12.13 ||
santuṣṭaḥ satataṃ yogī yatātmā dṛḍhaniścayaḥ |
mayyarpitamanobuddhiryo madbhaktaḥ sa me priyaḥ || 12.14 ||
He who hates no creature (Advēṣṭā sarva-bhūtānāṁ), who is friendly (Maitraḥ) and compassionate (Karuṇaḥ) to all,
free from the feeling of 'mine' (Nirmamaḥ) and from egoism (Nirahaṅkāraḥ), balanced in pain and pleasure (Sama-duḥkha-sukhaḥ), and forgiving (Kṣamī); (12.13)
ever content (Santuṣṭaḥ), a steady Yogi (Yatātmā), of firm conviction (Dṛḍha-niścayaḥ),
with mind and intellect dedicated to Me (Mayy Arpita-mano-buddhir)—that devotee of Mine (Mad-bhaktaḥ) is dear to Me (Sa me priyaḥ). (12.14)
॥ Verse 12.15 ॥
यस्मान्नोद्विजते लोको लोकान्नोद्विजते च यः।
हर्षामर्षभयोद्वेगैर्मुक्तो यः स च मे प्रियः।।
yasmānnodvijate loko lokānnodvijate ca yaḥ |
harṣāmarṣabhayodvegairmuktō yaḥ sa ca me priyaḥ || 12.15 ||
He by whom the world is not agitated (Yasmān nodvijate lokaḥ), and who is not agitated by the world (Lokān nodvijate ca yaḥ);
who is free from joy, intolerance, fear, and anxiety (Harṣāmarṣa-bhayodvegair mukto yaḥ)—he also is dear to Me.
॥ Verse 12.16 ॥
अनपेक्षः शुचिर्दक्ष उदासीनो गतव्यथः।
सर्वारम्भपरित्यागी यो मद्भक्तः स मे प्रियः।।
anapekṣaḥ śucirdakṣa udāsīno gatavyathaḥ |
sarvārambhaparityāgī yo madbhaktaḥ sa me priyaḥ || 12.16 ||
He who is unconcerned (Anapekṣaḥ), pure (Śuciḥ), expert (Dakṣa), neutral (Udāsīnaḥ), free from distress (Gata-vyathaḥ),
and who renounces all undertakings (Sarvārambha-parityāgī)—that devotee of Mine is dear to Me.
॥ Verse 12.17 ॥
यो न हृष्यति न द्वेष्टि न शोचति न काङ्क्षति।
शुभाशुभपरित्यागी भक्तिमान्यः स मे प्रियः।।
yo na hṛṣyati na dveṣṭi na śocati na kāṅkṣati |
śubhāśubhaparityāgī bhaktimānyaḥ sa me priyaḥ || 12.17 ||
He who neither rejoices (Na hṛṣyati) nor hates (Na dveṣṭi), neither grieves (Na śocati) nor desires (Na kāṅkṣati),
and who renounces both good and bad (Śubhāśubha-parityāgī)—that devotee, full of devotion, is dear to Me.
॥ Verses 12.18 - 12.19 (Balance and Detachment) ॥
समः शत्रौ च मित्रे च तथा मानापमानयोः।
शीतोष्णसुखदुःखेषु समः सङ्गविवर्जितः।। (12.18)
तुल्यनिन्दास्तुतिर्मौनी सन्तुष्टो येन केनचित्।
अनिकेतः स्थिरमतिर्भक्तिमान्मे प्रियो नरः।। (12.19)
samaḥ śatrau ca mitre ca tathā mānāpamānayoḥ |
śītoṣṇasukhaduḥkheṣu samaḥ saṅgavivarjitaḥ || 12.18 ||
tulyanindāstutirmaunī santuṣṭo yena kenacit |
aniketaḥ sthiramatirbhaktimānme priyo naraḥ || 12.19 ||
He who is the same to foe and friend (Samaḥ śatrau ca mitre ca), and likewise in honor and dishonor (Mānāpamānayoḥ),
the same in cold and heat, pleasure and pain (Śītoṣṇa-sukha-duḥkheṣu), and free from attachment (Saṅga-vivarjitaḥ); (12.18)
to whom censure and praise are equal (Tulya-nindā-stutir), who is silent (Maunī), content with anything whatsoever (Santuṣṭo yena kenacit),
without a fixed dwelling (Aniketaḥ), of steady mind (Sthira-matir)—that person, full of devotion, is dear to Me. (12.19)
॥ Verse 12.20 (Conclusion of Bhakti Yoga) ॥
ये तु धर्म्यामृतमिदं यथोक्तं पर्युपासते।
श्रद्दधाना मत्परमा भक्तास्तेऽतीव मे प्रियाः।।
ye tu dharmyāmṛtamidaṃ yathoktaṃ paryupāsate |
śraddadhānā matparamā bhaktāstetīva me priyāḥ || 12.20 ||
But those who follow this immortal Dharma (Dharmyāmṛtam idaṁ) as declared,
endowed with faith, regarding Me as the supreme goal (Mat-paramā), those devotees are exceedingly dear to Me (Atīva me priyāḥ).
॥ इति श्रीमद्भगवद्गीतासूपनिषत्सु ब्रह्मविद्यायां योगशास्त्रे श्रीकृष्णार्जुनसंवादे भक्तियोगो नाम द्वादशोऽध्यायः ॥
Thus, in the Upaniṣads of the glorious Bhagavad-Gītā, the science of the Eternal, the scripture of Yoga,
the dialogue between Śrī Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna, ends the twelfth chapter, entitled Bhakti Yoga.